India’s transport sector contributes around 5% of GDP and 14% of CO₂ emissions, making it crucial for achieving Viksit Bharat 2047 and Net-Zero 2070. The paper argues that a structural transformation of transport is needed, combining technological solutions with policy measures across urban mobility, rural mobility, workforce transition, and freight transport. Key recommendations include promoting public and rail transport, improving multimodal connectivity, supporting electrified rural mobility, creating a Just Transition Fund for workers, and shifting freight from road to rail. Using the “Avoid–Shift–Improve” framework, it emphasizes that reducing travel demand and encouraging sustainable transport modes are as important as adopting cleaner technologies like EVs.